Wave overtopping flow striking a human body on the crest of an impermeable sloped seawall. Part II: Numerical modelling

The present paper is the second of two companion papers on investigations wave overtopping flow striking a cylinder, which schematisation human body, crest an impermeable sloped seawall with deep foreshore. This numerically examines detailed characteristics and force cylinder in-line direction by using volume-of-fluid (VOF) based Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model. numerical model successfully validated against experimental data depth inline cylinder. velocity are analysed It observed that maximum depth-averaged usually occurs before during event, decay much slower than along crest. For plunging-breaker cases, comprises cycle first impact peak, main peak secondary peak. However, for surging-breaker it largely dominated due to tip has higher stream. generated asymmetric pressure distribution around co-occurs local momentum flux flow. As decreases after there sometimes exists formed complex free surface motion locally behind Additional experiments presented demonstrate applicability simple predictor developed in Part I. A prototype-scale simulation irregular waves conducted obtain force. also gives wave-by-wave manner incident condition. These approaches produce very similar estimates, suggesting can be used engineering applications. • as body investigated. both surging breaker cases. analysed. Numerical performed